商务英语对话中的会话含义研究毕业论文(编辑修改稿)

商务英语对话中的会话含义研究毕业论文(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

point of this maxim is that it is not sufficient for a statement to be true for it to constitute an acceptable conversational contribution. The fourth basic maxim is the maxim of Manner : be perspicuous. Avoid using obscurity and hardtounderstand words to expression。 Avoid using ambiguous to expression。 The sentence use to express oneself must be brief and avoid unnecessary prolixity。 That the sentence use to express oneself must be orderly. In short, these maxims specify what participants have to do in order to converse in a maximally efficient, rational, cooperative way: they should speak sincerely, relevantly and clearly, while providing sufficient information. It should be noted that the above maxims are not rules. They are much more flexible, more like guidelines. Infringing a rule of grammar leads to an illformed utterance。 however, the maxims can be creatively infringed and are to be followed by and large, to the best of one’s ability. Grice is at pains to emphasize that the maxims are not culturebound conventions like table manners: they are rationally based, and would hence be expected to be observable in any human society. One way in which cultures can differ is in the relative 6 importance allotted to the maxims. For instance, a strict adherence to the maxim of quality may lead to no information at all being given. In some cultures, this may e across as rudeness, and to avoid this result, it may be preferable to provide fictitious information in order to make up a seemly response. In Grice’s opinion, implicatures cannot be inferred in a semantic way. They are based on both the content of the utterance and some specific assumptions about the cooperative nature of ordinary talk exchanges. These inferences or conversational implicatures exist in at least two distinct ways: one is the speaker’s following the maxims adhering to the cooperative principle。 another is the speaker’s violating the maxims deliberately. If the participants both have the expectation to achieve a successful conversation, they must cooperate with each other, and speak sincerely, sufficiently, relevantly and clearly. To put it another way, they must observe the cooperative principle and the maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner. If someone who participate the conversation flouts the cooperative principle and any of the maxims, he must have intended to do so. And the receiver can infer the speaker’s intended meaning in particular contexts. 2. Features of Business English Conversations Business English conversations have some features. They are adaptation, accuracy, timeliness and municative function. As the business municators in a conversation, he or she uses tool conversation carefully and with consideration of their customers and their intended 湖南人文科技学院毕业论文 7 conversational goals. Effective business municators will find that their efforts pay off in better relationships and business success. Adaptation Because of the cultural differences, the municator in business English conversations must have a good knowledge of the others’ working background and supply proper information. Business English conversations are different from normal conversation because of their adaptation and specification. “The more specific conversations are, the more they meet the needs of the audience” [5]. Therefore, before ing to business English conversations, municator should be clear about the background knowledge of the group people they would talk with, and the content they would convey to their audience. Even in small anizations, it is wrong to assume that everybody will have the same needs, interests and desires when it es to business conversations. Business conversations are adapted to meet the needs of specific listeners or audiences. Employees working in an administrative setting, for instance, will have different needs and different access to information than employees working in a manufacturing environment. That’s why the municator in business English conversations must have a good knowledge of the others’ working background and supply proper information. 8 Accuracy Due to the special prosperities of business conversation, participants are reaching a mon goal by mutual efforts. So, the delivered information needs to be clear and concise enough. When information is inaccurate, it will its credibility and cause many troubles. The people who send the information also lose its’ credibility. So the sender must be sure about the information sent is accurate in business English conversations. The accuracy includes the context conveyed and expressions that include grammar, spelling and punctuation. Timeliness All the employees need to know what is going on in their anizations and in the external environment that impacts them which is good for their future plan especially in business English conversations. The content one conveyed in business English conversations should be in time with the new changes or development in or outside his pany or anization, for building a timely and harmonious business relationship. “Today’s technologydriven environment makes it more challenging than ever before for businesses to municate with employees in a timely manner, but it is critical for effective business conversation” [5]. In addition, it cannot be assumed that a message has gotten across if it is sent just one time. Business conversations occur frequently to ensure that they 湖南人文科技学院毕业论文 9 have been received by all employees. Employees leave, new employees join the pany and employees transfer from one role to another, requiring new and updated information in time. Facetoface conversations “Facetoface conversations are still the most effective and should be used whenever possib。