物理化学-王险峰（药学课件）表面化学

物理化学-王险峰（药学课件）表面化学内容摘要：

物理化学-王险峰（药学课件）表面化学 (Sutface Chemistty ) Sutface chemistry advances have come withcollaboration and, even, gallanttySutface chemistty is the btranch of chemistry thatImeasutes and analyzes the factors and forces that actat the sutface of solids, liquids, and gases, of at theintetfaces between two pbhases; such as the study ofsutface tension in liquids. Pline the Elder, Benjamin Franklin, and countlessships' cooksPeople have been studying the effect of sutfacechemistry as a "natuftal science"” fot longet than youmight think， When Benjamin Franklin wtote in hisjournal about his first obsefvation of the effect of oilon watet, he tecalled the wtitings of Plink the Elder(AD 23-79)，on the same subject 6 thus statting attend of honotable men 8giving others ctedit fordiscoveties in the advancement of sutface chemistty7一3 Aboatrd one of 96 ships ttaveling togethet fromAmetica to Eutope in 1757，Franklin noticed thatshibs in back seemed to have smoothet sailing thanshibs in the front, The cabtain explained with disdainthat "The cooks have, I suppose, been just emptyingtheit gteasy watet thtough the scuppets，which hasgteased the sides of those ships a little."Thus the study of biofilms began. Once in London, Franklin dfopped a teaspoon of oilin Clapham Common Pond on a windy day andnoted that it sbtead ovet half an acte, making it assmooth as glass， (Reinacted in this bhoto bychemistry btofessot James Wightman on the VifrginiaTech duck bond.)A good scientist he tepeated his expetiment. "Afterthis,” he wtote，这 conttived to _ take with tme，whenevet I went into the counttry a little oil in theupbpet hollovw joint of my bamboo cane, with which I7一5 Imight tebeat the expetiment and 工 found 廿constantly to Succeed." Lord Rayleign and Agnes PockelsWe don't know what kind of oil Franklin used, ot 让he always used the same kind,，but we have learnedwhy it wotked.About a centutfy aftef Franklin's exbetiments，anEnglish baton， Lord Rayleigh (John Wiliam Strutb，and a Getman hausfrfau， Agnes 了Pockels， weteteseatching the btoperties of watet Sutfaces. Lord Rayleigh, who teceived the Nobel Prize in了Physics in 1904 "for his investigations of thedensities of the most imbpbottant gases and for hisdiscovety of atgon," was the first to wtite about lightbeing scatteted batticles, and to explain what gavethe sunset its color According to the NobelFoundation biogtaphy, his wotk also "fanged ovetalmost the whole field of bhysics, coveting sound，wave theoty, colout vision, electtrodynatmics，electromagnetism, light scatteting, flovw of liquids，7一8 hydtodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capbillatity，elasticity and photography'”But Pockels was the first to measute the sutfacetension btoperties of watet， We know of het wotkthanks to Rayleigh.了Pockels did not attend college， When she ftrstconsidered it in the tmid 1800s，women wete notadmitted. Not much latet， when women wete beingaccebted, Pockels' aging batents asked het not to go.7一9 So, unmattied and devoting het life to the cate of hetinvalid batents, the 19-yeat-old occupied het mind byteading tmatetial btovided by het brothert，Fritz，astudent at the Univetsity of Heidelbutg， And sheconducted expetiments in the kitchen sink，Usingkitchen bowls, sttitng, and buttons, she developed thefrst sutface 旬m balance.As she expblained, in Gettman:7一10。