modul1讲解内容摘要:

语法知识: 一、被动语态的基本用法 当谓语表示一个动作时,主语和它可以有两种不同关系:主动关系或被动关系。 在表示主 动关系时(即主语为动作的执行者时),谓语的形式称为主动语态( the Active Voice)。 在表示被动关系时(即主语为动作的承受者时),谓语要用另一种形式,称为被动语态( the Passive Voice)。 在被动结构的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词 by引起的短语表示。 被动语态的构成: 被动语态由助动词 be 加过去分词构成,时态通过 be 表现出来。 1)一般现在时 You39。 re wanted on the。 2)一般过去时 The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 二、 主谓一致 主谓一致是指: 1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. ( 1)并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意: 当主语由 and 连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数, and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。 这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除 A、 C。 本题易误选 D,因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有 the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词,后面的职务用 and 相连。 这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选 B。 ( 2)主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系 列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. 2)当 either… or… 与 neither… nor ,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. ( 3)谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. ( 4)谓语需用单数 1) 代词 each和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a taperecorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。 (用复数也可,意思不变。 ) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. ( 5)指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词 的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 All is right. (一切顺利。 ) All are present. (所有人都到齐了。 ) 2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。 如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, pany, mittee 等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。 His family isn39。 t very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。 His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 集合名词 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 Are there any police around? 3)有些名词,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。 A number of +名词复数 +复数动词。 The number of +名词复数 +单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. ( 6)与后接名词或代词保持一致 1)用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与 of 后面的名词,代词保持一致。 Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2)在一些短 语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。 但由 more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 【 模拟试题 】 一、 Turn the following words into English form 1. 穿过;横过 ______________ 2. 皮靴 ____________ 3. 大陆的;大洲的 ___________ 4. 面向;面对 ______ 5. 山脉 _________ 6. 美术馆 __________ 7. 海峡 __________ 8. 雅典 ____________ 9. 希腊 __________ 10. 葡萄牙 __________ 二、 Turn the following phrases into English form 1. 离海岸线不远 _____________ 2. 在„„的南部 __________ 3. 因而出名 ______________ 4. 作为而出名 _____________ 5. 看起来像 _______________ 6. 山脉 ________________ 7. 在沿海(海岸上) _________ 8. 沿着海岸 _____________ 三、 Fill in the blanks using the correct form 1. The yellow house f_________ to the road is my new home. 2. My friend Mark can speak English, French and S_________. 3. Italy looks like a b_____ from the map. 4. Mrs Andrews got _____ ______ the taxi and ran a_____ Oxford street. 5. G_______ is the country where the 28th Olympic Games. 6. As a mountain climber, he has been on the top of the world famous r_______. 四、 Choose the best answer 1. Rizhao lies _____the southeast of Shandong Province which lies ______the east of Shanxi Province that is______the west of Hebei Province. A. in, on, to B. in ,to, on C to ,in ,on D. to, in, on 2. Our school, which has 8,000 students, ______on the beach of the Yellow Sea. A. is situated B. situate C. situating D. situation 3. Liqun Department Store is ______right in the center of the city. A. located B.。
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