toefl阅读历年题目大全(编辑修改稿)

toefl阅读历年题目大全(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

t Alley, center of the American popular musical theater, and it had Tin Pan Alley, center of the songwriting business and the stillpowerful sheet music publishers. The recording studios and radio works were also based in New York. In addition, recordings and radio opened up new possibilities for a striking new development. They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only in limited geographical areas or by specific ethnic and social groupsespecially the blues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian 8 Mountains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States. The latter music was not to affect the mainstream of American popular music until much later, but the former influenced American popular music of the 192039。 s in many ways. In fact, novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald could even call the era “The Jazz Age”which reflected the inroads of African American musical influence on the nation at large. 23. What aspect of music in the 192039。 s in the United States does the passage mainly discuss? The growth of musical theater The effect of technology on the popular music industry Technological advances in sound recording for film The influence of professional songwriters on popular music 24. The word establishment in the passage is closest in meaning to necessity formation connection enrichment 25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a technological development of the 192039。 s? The publicaddress system Film sound tracks Magic recording tape The electrical recording process 26. According to the passage, what was the importance of the microphone and the sound amplifier mentioned in paragraph 1 ? They caused major changes in the creation and performance of popular music. They helped the performance of people who were not professionals. They were used to preserve a historical record of older styles of music and performance. They helped performers meet audience demand for louder 9 music. 27. The word consequently in the passage is closest in meaning to otherwise in fact therefore although 28. The word it in the passage refers to the audience process importance mercialism 29. The word heighten in the passage is closest in meaning to consider announce increase adjust 30. Why does the passage mention New York City in paragraph 2 ? It was a major center for the invention of new technology. It had a significant concentration of performing, posing, and music business activity. It had the broadest range of audiences of any city in the United States. It was the source of a popular regional style of music. 31. What is the new development that the author discusses in paragraph 3 ? A blending of traditional musical styles occurred. Popular music performers began to avoid using elements of traditional music. The center of the recording industry moved south. Music styles formerly known only to a few people became 10 known to many people. 32. The word previously in the passage is closest in meaning to before there inexpensively significantly 33. The word era in the passage is closest in meaning to period nation movement book About ten percent of the world39。 s deserts are posed of sand dunes, which are driven across the desert by the wind. Sand grains march across the desert floor under the influence of strong winds by a process known as saltation. The grains of sand bee airborne for a moment, and upon landing they dislodge additional sand grains, which repeat the process. In this manner, sand dunes engulf everything in their path, including structures made by people, and pose a major problem in the construction and maintenance of highways and railroads that cross sandy areas of desert. Sand dune migration near desert oases poses another serious problem, especially when encroaching on villages. Methods to mitigate damage to structures from sand dunes include building windbreaks and funneling sand out of the way. Without such measures, disruption of roads, airports, agricultural settlements, and towns could bee a major problem in desert regions. The direction, strength, and variability of the wind, the moisture content of the soil, the vegetation cover, the underlying topography, and the amount of movable soil exposed to the wind determine the size and form of sand dunes. Sand dunes generally have four basic shapes, determined by the topography of the land and patterns of wind flow. Linear dunes align in roughly the direction of strong prevailing winds. Their length is substantially greater than their width, and they lie parallel to each other, sometimes with a wavy pattern. Crescent dunes, also called barchans, are symmetrically shaped, with horns pointing downwind. They travel across the desert at speeds of up to 50 feet a year. Parabolic dunes form in areas where sparse vegetation anchors the side arms while the center is blown outward, causing sand in the middle to move forward. Star dunes form 11 by shifting winds that pile up sand into central。