道桥毕业设计外文文献翻译--双车道公路上驾驶员超车行为的安全性评估-公路隧道(编辑修改稿)

道桥毕业设计外文文献翻译--双车道公路上驾驶员超车行为的安全性评估-公路隧道(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

were used to evaluate the drivers39。 driving behavior. Selfreport measurement A DBQ was introduced as an selfreport questionnaire survey, which was adapted by Sullman and others based on Reason’s Driving Behavior Questionnaire (2020). The questionnaire is divided into three dimensions, namely, violations of traffic rules, error behaviors and offensive violations, containing twenty items. In this questionnaire, we used the Likert 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计 8 fivepoint scoring method to record the drivers39。 scores. The scores are described by centesimal grades. After calculating the mean values of all driver subjects39。 total score, we can conclude the average intent of a group on different dimensions. In addition, we can understand each individual’s attitude scores distribution situation by this progressive mean scale. Determination of beginning and ending time of overtaking processes Timing the beginning and ending of the overtaking process includes: the time when the driver begins to overtake, begins to return to the previous lane and pletes the overtaking. Determination of these moments enables us to get the travel time and distance traveled at all stages in the process of overtaking The determination of the moment when drivers begin to overtake can be divided into two situations: (1) The time a driver turns on a left turning signal before overtaking and (2) if the driver did not turn on a left turning signal, the time determined by mathematical methods. This fixes the driving trajectory by two straight lines. Time to overtake corresponds to the intersection of two lines from the moment the driver begins to overtake. The end time of the overtaking process was the moment the vehicle returns to the original lane. We used a video playback with stopwatch to record the moments when drivers pleted the overtaking maneuver pletely and returned to the original lane. The moment was defined as the time a driver pleted overtaking. Based on the start and end time of the driver39。 s whole overtaking process, we can obtain the vehicle speed, acceleration, steering angle and other motion parameters in the period of overtaking in the following analysis of experimental results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overtaking performance The results of twelve drivers’ operation behaviors and performances in four speeds during the overtaking are shown in Table 2. 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计 9 Table 2. Drivers’ Overtaking Behavior under Four Speeds Speed limi Overtaking performance Turn signal performance Success Overtaken Proportion of Subject No. of no proportion Car. No. turn signal turn signal 40km/h 100% Car2 % , 50km/h 100% Car2, Car3 75% , 60km/h 100% Car2 % , 80km/h % Car2,Car3,Car4 4 75% , Table 3. Statistics of Overtaking Behavior Subject No. Speed limit of 80KM/H Average values of four speeds Tp(s) Vavg(km/h) Sc(m) Tp(s) Vavg(km/h) Sc(m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 On different speed limit roads, driver subjects all pleted the overtaking process successfully except for 80km/h. Among them, on the speed limit 40km/h and 60km/h sections all overtook Car2, but on the speed limit 50km/h section, driver subjects , 8, and 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计 10 12 followed the front car for too long a time and overtook too late, so they only overtook Car3. In the speed limit 80km/h section, due to the higher speed, driver subjects , 6, 7, and 11 did not plete the overtaking process, and driver subjects No. 8 and9 had overtaken Car4 and Car3. When drivers turned on a turning signal during the overtaking process, driver subjects and 12 did not have the habit of turn on a turning signal, which would affect overtaking process safety. To further understand the drivers’ safety trends at different speeds, three parameters were selected for further analysis. That is, Tp (the pleting time for the entire overtaking process), Sc (the distance between the main car and oning cars when returned to the original lane after pleted the overtaking process) and Vavg (average overtaking speed). Table 3 shows the overtaking behavior parameters results of driver subjects at speed limit 80KM/H and the average speed of four. In Table 3, the negative values ( and ) means there was a collision with oning cars before pleting overtaking, while the value indicated not overtaking any oning car in the whole overtaking process, namely the overtaking process was not pleted. Compared to other speed limits, it was relatively difficult to plete the overtaking process on the speed limit 80km/h section. The average time drivers pleted the overtaking process was , shorter than the average time of the three other speeds. Except for driver 11, the average speed of other drivers in the overtaking process was 88km/h, a high speed in the twolane secondary highway, because the speed of the front car and oning cars was 60km/h. If the driver slightly hesitated or slowed down, he would miss the best opportunity for overtaking. Even if the spacing between the oning cars was large enough, the driver would not risk an overtaking, especially with greater chances of colliding with the oning car. In terms of the average Top, Vague, Sc of the twelve driver subjects under four speed limit conditions, we found that the cases of smaller Tp and Sc and larger Vavg reflected the 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计 11 condition of the driver’s overtaking strategy. The strategy is that drivers will improve their own safety by reducing the conflict opportunity with other vehicles when they estimate the overtaking conditions. But at this point, the drivers may be in an unsafe overtaking. For example, we can conclude the driver subject is a safer driver rather than . Selfreport on usual driving behaviors The DBQ questionnaire results for twel。