20xx年---20xx年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案(编辑修改稿)

20xx年---20xx年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It39。 s your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago39。 s Medical Center. “If you don39。 t like it , change it.” Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, there39。 s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people39。 s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleepor rather dreamon it and you39。 ll feel better in the morning. 31. Researchers have e to believe that dreams A. can be modified in their courses. B. are susceptible to emotional changes. C. reflect our innermost desires and fears. 中国最大的管理资料下载中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版权归原作者所有 ) 第 9 页 共 37 页 D. are a random oute of neural repairs. 32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show A. its function in our dreams. B. the mechanism of REM sleep. C. the relation of dreams to emotions. D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex. 33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to A. aggravate in our unconscious mind. B. develop into happy dreams. C. persist till the time we fall asleep. D. show up in dreams early at night. seems to suggest that A. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams. B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll. C. dreams should be left to their natural progression. D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious. 35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams? A. lead your life as usual. B. Seek professional help. C. Exercise conscious control. D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime. Text 4 American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to mand the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such mand themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative 中国最大的管理资料下载中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版权归原作者所有 ) 第 10 页 共 37 页 views, sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey plex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one. 36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English A. is inevitable in radical education reforms. B. is but all too natural in language development. C. has caused the controversy over the counterculture. 中国最大的管理资料下载中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版权归原作者所有 ) 第 11 页 共 37 页 D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s. 37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotes A. modesty. B. personality. C. liveliness. D. informality. 38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree? A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk. B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English. C. Nonstandard varieties of human language are just as entertaining. D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey plex ideas. 39. The description of Russians39。 love of memorizing poetry show。