机械工程英语5-7单元翻译

机械工程英语5-7单元翻译内容摘要：

re the Cartesian space occupied by the endeffector, and R, P, and Y are the roll, pitch and yaw of the tool. X, Y, Z 表示由端部执行器占据笛卡尔空间， R, P, Y表示刀具旋转进给和偏移 . Each of the point definitions can be specified as either absolute or relative points(again defined in a similar manner as for NC machines). 每个点的定义既可以是绝对的也可以是相对的（也和数控机床有相似的规则） Tooldefinition mands are used to define the location of any tooling that might be required for an operation. 刀具定义命令常用于定义操作要求的所有刀具的位置。 The tool definition specifies the midpoint of the robot’ s faceplate, and consists of the same six data used to describe a point. 刀具定义指定机器人面板的中心，包括定义点的相同六个 变量 The robot is set into motion using a set of motion control mands. The motion mands allows the programmer to: 机器人运动是通过设置运动控制命令 ， 运动命令允许编程人做 ： Define the type of path to tack (straightline,circular,or jointcoordinated)定义采取的路径类型 （ 直线 ， 圆弧 ， 结点插补 ） Define the end of tooling speed 定义刀具的最终速度 Define the frame of reference 定义参考柜架 Describe the current tool tip 定义刀尖的类别 ARBasic also allows the programmer to input and output data to any device to witch the robot is and digital data can be sent to A/D converters,D/A converters,parallel,or serial I/O ports. ARBasic 也允许程序编译人员输入或输出数据到与机器人连接的设备，模拟的数字信号可以传送到模 — 数转换转换器并行的或串行的 I/O 口。 Table 51 contains Point and Tool definition 52 contains ARBasic example for motion 5— 1是点和刀具定义的例子。 表 5— 2是说明 ARBasic的运动控制的例子。 Unit 6 Group Technology Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy that involves identifying and grouping ponents having similar or related attributes in order to tack advantage of their similarities in the design and/or manufacturing phases of the production 术是一个制造业的哲学概念，它涉及到具有相似或相关属性零件的标识和分组，这样可以利用产品相似性这种特点，吧这种技术应用于产品生产的设 计制造过程中。 Historically,this novel principle first came into being here in the United States in 1920,when Frederick Taylor supported the idea of grouping parts that required special operations.（历史上，这个新颖的理论是在 1920年被第一次提出的 ， Frederick Taylor 支持将需要特殊加工的零件成组） He was followed by the Jones and Lamson Machine Company in the early 1920s,which used a crude form of group technology to build machine tools.（在 1920年早期， Jones and Lamson 公司继承他的思想，他们用粗糙的成组技术 组成 生产工具） Their manufacturing approach involved such principles as departmentalization by product rather than by process and minimizing the routing paths.（他们使用这一原理的生产方法就是以产品来划分部门，而不是以工艺或缩短路径来划分部门） Today, group technology is implemented through the application of wellstructured classification and coding systems and supporting software to take advantage of the similarities of ponents.（现在，成组技术进一步 被运用 通过运用结构分类、代码系统和支持软件来利用相似零件的优 点 ） Reasons for Adopting Group Technology Modern manufacturing industries are racing a lot of challenges caused by growing international petition and fastchanging market demands. These challenges, which are exemplified in the following list, have been and can be successfully met by group technology: （现在制造工业正在接受由日益激烈的国际化竞争和多变的市场要求带来的挑战。 这些挑战可以用成组技术成功地解决，如下所列：） There is an industrial trend toward lowvolume production (small lot sizes) of a wider variety of products in order to meet the rising demand for specially ordered products in today’ s affluent societies. In other words, the share of the batchtype production in industry is growing day after day, and it is anticipated that 75 percent of all manufactured parts will be in small lot sizes. （工业生产发展的趋势是产品的品种更加多样而每种产品生产的数量减少，以此来满足当今繁荣社会不断增长的专门订货。 换句话说，工厂中分批式生产的比例越来越高，预计将来全部的 75%是小批量的） As a result of the first factor, the conventional shop anization (., departmentalization by progress) is being very inefficient and obsolete because of the wasteful routing paths of the products between the various machine tool departments. （作为第一个因素的结果，传统的车间机构变得越来越低效和过时，因为产品在 不同的工具部传送的时候浪费时间） There is a need to integrate the design and manufacturing phases in order to cut short the lead time, thus winning a petitive situation in the international market. （有必要把设计和制造的阶段集成在一起可以减少订货至交货的时间，这样可以在国际化市场上具有竞争力） Benefits of Group Technology （ 1） Benefits in product design.（在产品设计的优势） Concerning design of products, the principal benefit of group technology is that it enables product designers to avoid reinventing the wheel, or duplicating engineering efforts. （关于产品的设计，成组技术最主要的好处在于可以防止重复发明 和复制工程成果） In other words, it eliminates the possibility of designing a product that was previously designed because it facilitates storage and easy retrieval of engineering designs.（换句话说，由于它存储方便，并且相关的工程设计很容易被取出，所以消除了发明以前就存在的产品） When an order of a part is released, the part is first coded, and then existing designs that match that code are retrieved from the pany39。 s library of designs stored in the memory of a puter, thus saving a large amount of time in design work. （一旦要求设计某一个零件，这个零件首先被编码，然后检索存储于计算机存储器中的 该公司的设计库，找出与这个编码相匹配的已有设计，这样便可节省大量的重复设计时间） If the exact part design is not included in the pany39。 s puterized files, a design close enough to the required one can be retrieved and modified in order to satisfy the requirements,（如果在公司计算机存储器中没有完全吻合的设计，那就找出与之 最相似的设计，修正后可以满足要求） A further advantage of group technology is that it promotes standardization of production tools and workholding devices.（此外，成组技术可以促进生产工具和工件夹持装置的标准化） (2)Standardization of tooling and setup. （加工和装配的标准化） Since parts are grouped into families, a flexible design for a workholding device(jig or fixture)can be made for each family in such a manner that it can acmodate every member of that family, thus reducing the cost of fixturing by reducing the number of fixtures required.（因为工件被分成了类别，对工件 夹持装置的灵活设计可以应用于每个类的所有零件，这样可以减少所需要的夹持件的数量，从而减少了夹持装置的费用） Also, it is obvious that a machine setup can bemade once for the whole family(because of the similarities between。