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nd an emissary to his fatherinlaw to declare that he cannot worship at the ancestral shrine with your daughter any longer. The fatherinlaw usually acquiesced, with apologies for not having brought his daughter up properly. In the old view, it was also shameful for women to marry more than once. Even if a bride39。 s fiance died before the wedding, she could be forced to go through the ceremony with a wooden figure (or a symbolic rooster) and then spend the rest of her life single. The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System The name Hua Mulan is a heroine in Chinese society and culture. Disney39。 s 1998 animated film, Mulan, brought her name to a wider audience. In the story, Mulan disguised herself as a man to take her elderly father39。 s place in the army. She was later offered a government post by the emperor himself after her service was up. However, unwilling to mit anymore to the forces, she turned down the position so she could return to her family immediately. When her former colleagues visited her at home, they were shocked to see her dressed as a woman. The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System HUA Mulan At the age of 14, she was selected by the emperor to be sent into the palace as one of his concubines. Later when she waited on the emperor on his sick bed, she met with the crown prince, who fell in love with her because of her great beauty. As a rule, when the emperor died, she was sent to a nunnery to be a nun. As accordingly the crown prince became the emperor, he got her back into the palace and made her his concubine. She was an ambitious woman and wanted to be the empress. Through a series of struggles with the empress and another concubine, she succeeded in replacing the empress. Since the emperor was always sick, she helped him with the administration of the nation and so was the real ruler over the country. She gave birth to four sons and a daughter for the emperor, and when the emperor died and one of her sons was crowned to be the new emperor, she became the empress dowager, but still stayed in power. Then she wanted to be the sovereign empress and was crowned to be the sovereign empress, the first one, the last one, and the sole one, in the Chinese history. Her exciting story was made into movies in Chinese. The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System Empress WU Zetian (625705) Background Since 1949 China has promised women39。 s equality. Women hold up half the sky, Mao said. Changes in the Chinese family were imposed quickly and radically, says Harvard University39。 s Martin Whyte. In most societies these changes would take generations. In Mao39。 s China they were pressed into a time period, really, of two or three years. The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System Marriage and Family System in Modern China  Improvement of Female Social Status China39。 s 1950 marriage laws, for example, made men and women, at least theoretically, equal. The law banned pulsory arranged marriages, concubinage, child betrothal and interference in the remarriage of widows. It reluctantly permitted divorce, but only when mediation and counseling had failed and the marriage clearly could not go on. Female almost have the same rights in education, career, marriage. etc. The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System Late marriage: especially for those who has better education Survey of Marriage Age in China(2020) City male Female City Male female Shanghai Xi’an Guangzhou Changsha Beijing Zhengzhou Kuming Nanjing Chengdu Shenyang The Transition of Chinese Marriage and Family System  Criteria for spouse choosing Time Criteria for spouse choosing 19501960 Enterprising person: soldier or model worker 19601976 Family background and political status: worker, soldier, farmer 19771987 Knowledge: bachelor, master 19902020 Fortune an。
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