it历史-20世纪科技大事记-20世纪科技大事记(中英文版)(编辑修改稿)

it历史-20世纪科技大事记-20世纪科技大事记(中英文版)(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ter of the earth c. 300 . The number of volumes in the Library of Alexandria reached 500,000 c. 220 . Archimedes made discoveries in mathematics and mechanics c. 150 . Ptolemy studied mathematics, science, geography。 proposed that the earth is the center of the solar system 190 Chinese mathematicians calculated pi to five decimal places 271 Chinese mathematicians invented the magic pass 415 A mob of rioters burned down the Library of Alexandria, and much of the recorded knowledge of the western world was lost 4501000 the Dark Ages in Europe 1232 Rockets invented in China to defend city of Kaifeng against Mongol invaders 1252 Pope Innocent IV approved the use of torture in witchcraft trials 1269 Maricourt used pass to discover that a mag is encircled by lines which terminate on two poles 1348 The plague appeared in Europe 1390 The first paper mill began operating in Germany 1455 The Gutenberg Bible became the first book printed with movable metal type 15081510 Leonardo da Vinci piled notebooks on mechanics, astronomy, anatomy, and his inventions 1543 Copernicus formed the hypothesis that the plas revolve around the sun. 1543 Vasalius published treatise on human anatomy 1570 Brahe discovered supernova in constellation Cassiopeia 1600 Gilbert discovered that electricity occurs in things other than amber。 wrote a book on magism 1608 Lippershey invented the telescope 1609 Galileo built 20X telescope, discovered craters and mountains on the moon 1609 Kepler announced his 1st and 2nd laws 1613 Galileo discovered sunspots 1614 Napier discovered logarithms 1616 Galileo called to Rome and ordered to stop supporting the Copernican theory 1619 Kepler announced his 3rd law 1619 The first slaves transported to America 1620 Bacon published Novum Organum (scientific method and inductive reasoning) 1621 Snell discovered the law of refraction 1628 Harvey published a book describing blood circulation 1633 The Inquisition denounced Galileo 1637 Descartes Published Geometry 1638 Galileo published Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences, summarizing the principles of mechanics 1642 Pascal invented the mechanical adding machine 1650 Archbishop Usher estimated by reading the Bible that the earth was created on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 AM 1652 Pascal discovered laws of fluid pressure 1654 Guericke invented the vacuum pump 1660 Redi disproved theory of spontaneous generation with experiment on flies 1666 Newton invented the calculus 1666 Newton discovered glass prism separates white light into spectrum 1675 Leibniz independently invented the calculus 1687 Newton published Principia, describing the laws of motion 1690 Locke published Essay Concerning Human Understanding (empiricism, tabula rasa) 1692 The first witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts 1704 Newton published Opticks 1738 Bernoulli proposed laws of fluid mechanics 1758 Linnaeus developed taxonomy of species, proposed binomial nomenclature 1764 Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny 1769 Watt invented the modern steam engine 1777 Lavoisier proposed idea of chemical pounds made of elements 1781 Herschel discovered Uranus 1783 Michel and Montgolfier invented the hot air balloon。 the first people to fly, altitude 1800 m 1785 Coulomb confirmed the inverse square law for electric force 1785 Hutton proposed the idea of uniformitatianism in the geological history of the earth 1785 Cartwright invented the power loom for producing cloth 1787 Berthollet proposed system of chemical nomenclature 1792 Rousseau wrote Social Contract 1793 Whitney invented the cotton gin 1796 Jenner discovered smallpox vaccination 1799 Discovery of the Rosetta Stone 1800 Volta invented the battery 1800 Ampere discovered properties of magic field produced by electric current 1803 Dalton posed the law of definite proportions in chemistry 1804 Rockets developed by the British Army Corp reached height of 1830 m 1807 Fulton invented the steamboat 1808 Dalton published a periodic table based on atomic weights 1811 Avogadro introduced the concept of the mole 1814 Stephenson invented the lootive engine 1820 Oersted discovered that an electric current causes the deflection of pass needle 1822 Champollion translated the Rosetta Stone 1825 discovery of Ampere’s Force Law 1827 Brown discovered Brownian motion 1830 The first railroad (between Liverpool and Manchester, England) 1831 Faraday (England) and Henry (.) independently discovered that a current is produced in a wire when it is moved near a mag 1833 Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology, based on uniformitarianism 1839 Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber 1844 Morse sent the first telegraph message 1846 Galle discovered Neptune, accounting for observed perturbations in the motion of Uranus 1849 Fizeau measured the velocity of light 1853 Bessemer in Britain and Kelly in . invented the Bessemer steel process 1854 Boole invented Boolean algebra 1856 Neanderthal fossil found in Germany 1859 Darwin published On The Origin of Species 1866 Mendel wrote a paper on his findings about heredity in plants 1868 CroMagnon fossil found in France 1869 Mendeleyev used a periodic table of known elements to correctly predict the properties then undiscovered elements 1873 Maxwell published Treatise on Electricity and Magism。