巴塞尔协议3英文版

巴塞尔协议3英文版内容摘要：

as strengthen banks‟ transparency and Moreover, the reform package includes the Committee‟s efforts to strengthen the resolution of systemically significant crossborder 3. A strong and resilient banking system is the foundation for sustainable economic growth, as banks are at the centre of the credit intermediation process between savers and investors. Moreover, banks provide critical services to consumers, small and mediumsized enterprises, large corporate firms and governments who rely on them to conduct their daily business, both at a domestic and international level. 4. One of the main reasons the economic and financial crisis, which began in 2020, became so severe was that the banking sectors of many countries had built up excessive on and offbalance sheet leverage. This was acpanied by a gradual erosion of the level and quality of the capital base. At the same time, many banks were holding insufficient liquidity buffers. The banking system therefore was not able to absorb the resulting systemic trading and credit losses nor could it cope with the reintermediation of large offbalance sheet exposures that had built up in the shadow banking system. The crisis was further amplified by a procyclical deleveraging process and by the interconnectedness of systemic institutions through an array of plex transactions. During the most severe episode of the crisis, the market lost confidence in the solvency and liquidity of many banking institutions. The weaknesses in the banking sector were rapidly transmitted to the rest of the financial system and the real economy, resulting in a massive contraction of liquidity and credit availability. Ultimately the public sector had to step in with unprecedented injections of liquidity, capital support and guarantees, exposing taxpayers to large losses. 1 The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision consists of senior representatives of bank supervisory authorities and central banks from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. It usually meets at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland, where its permanent Secretariat is located. 2 In July 2020, the Committee introduced a package of measures to strengthen the 1996 rules governing trading book capital and to enhance the three pillars of the Basel II framework. See Enhancements to the Basel II framework (July 2020), available at 3 These efforts include the Basel Committee39。 s remendations to strengthen national resolution powers and their crossborder implementation. The Basel Committee mandated its Crossborder Bank Resolution Group to report on the lessons from the crisis, on recent changes and adaptations of national frameworks for cross border resolutions, the most effective elements of current national frameworks and those features of current national frameworks that may hamper optimal responses to crises. See Report and remendations of the Crossborder Bank Resolution Group (March 2020), available at Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems 1 5. The effect on banks, financial systems and economies at the epicentre of the crisis was immediate. However, the crisis also spread to a wider circle of countries around the globe. For these countries the transmission channels were less direct, resulting from a severe contraction in global liquidity, crossborder credit availability and demand for exports. Given the scope and speed with which the recent and previous crises have been transmitted around the globe as well as the unpredictable nature of future crises, it is critical that all countries raise the resilience of their banking sectors to both internal and external shocks. 6. To address the market failures revealed by the crisis, the Committee is introducing a number of fundamental reforms to the international regulatory framework. The reforms strengthen banklevel, or microprudential, regulation, which will help raise the resilience of individual banking institutions to periods of stress. The reforms also have a macroprudential focus, addressing systemwide risks that can build up across the banking sector as well as the procyclical amplification of these risks over time. Clearly these micro and macroprudential approaches to supervision are interrelated, as greater resilience at the individual bank level reduces the risk of systemwide shocks. A. 7. Strengthening the global capital framework The Basel Committee is raising the resilience of the banking sector by strengthening the regulatory capital framework, building on the three pillars of the Basel II framework. The reforms raise both the quality and quantity of the regulatory capital base and enhance the risk coverage of the capital framework. They are underpinned by a leverage ratio that serves as a backstop to the riskbased capital measures, is intended to constrain excess leverage in the banking system and provide an extra layer of protection against model risk and measurement error. Finally, the Committee is introducing a number of macroprudential elements into the capital framework to help contain systemic risks arising from procyclicality and from the interconnectedness of financial institutions. 1. 8. Raising the quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base It is critical that banks‟ risk exposures are backed by a high quality capital base. The crisis demonstrated that credit losses and writedowns e out of retained earni。