unit8clinicalsettingprimarycare

unit8clinicalsettingprimarycare内容摘要：

4 look at the different aspects of prevention. •Paragraph 5 will look at screening and its advantages and disadvantages. •Paragraph 6 is about three key behaviours which can be tackled by primary care. C Read the title of the text on the opposite page and the first sentence of each paragraph. Reading 2 Choose one of the essay questions in Exercise B. Write four research questions which will help you to find information for your essay. Answers depend on the students. D Read the text. 1 Using your own words, make notes from the text on information for your essay question. A What are the advantages and disadvantages of screening for diseases in primary care? •screening = testing for specific condition at regular intervals •advantages: minimizing effects, costing effectively, early diagnosis, easier treatment, potential for plete cure •examples of successful screening programmes: cervical cancer, breast cancer, heart disease •disadvantages: not suitable for all diseases, false positives, being expensive, few results from low incidence rates Reading D Read the text. 1 Using your own words, make notes from the text on information for your essay question. B ‘Disease prevention is far better than providing cures.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? •preventative medicine = belief that disease or disability should be avoided rather than treated •economic benefits of prevention: no resources required for treatment, individual able to continue working •not all diseases can be prevented, . salmonella, etc. •diseases can be prevented , . Type 2 diabetes. •importance of prevention for primary care Reading D Read the text. 1 Using your own words, make notes from the text on information for your essay question. C Explain why targeting three key behaviours is so important for the developed world. •link between behaviours and disease •benefits = human amp。 financial •1) tobacco smoking – link to lung cancer, vascular diseases, COPD, number of deaths = 100m in 20th C, by 2030 up 1bn •2) eating fatty/sugary foods, lack of exercise – link to diabetes, WHO – most substantial threat to health for 21st C, $192 billion in US •3) alcohol abuse – 5% of hospital admissions, heart disease, diabetes, liver failure •ageing population – need for governments to take action Reading D Read the text. 1 Using your own words, make notes from the text on information for your essay question. D What aspects of prevention need to be considered by GPs? Describe what is involved in each. •three aspects of prevention。 primary, secondary, tertiary •Primary: preventing illness, promoting health – vaccination programmes, safety, lifestyle modification, awareness campaigns •Secondary: early identification of disease, provision of prompt treatment (screening programmes) •Tertiary: reducing effects of disease/disability – pain relief, self management, ., diabetes Reading E Study the highlighted sentences in the text. Reading 1 Underline all the subjects and their verbs. 2 Which is the main subject and verb for each sentence? Joining word Subject Verb Object/plement 1 2 3 GPs can use screening* programmes in which tests are carried out for a specific condition at regular intervals further testing may be required for confirmation which can be upsetting for patients The medical profession has been aware that population health is improved by prevention F Study the table on the right. 1 Match each word or phrase with its meaning. 2 Underline the words or phrases in the text which the writer uses to give the definitions. Reading See Vocabulary bank. You will often find new words in academic texts. Sometimes you will not be able to understand the text unless you look the word up in a dictionary, but often a technical term will be defined or explained immediately or later in the text. Look for these indicators: Understanding new words: using definitions Vocabulary bank is or are Tertiary prevention is about reducing the effects of disease and disability on the patient. brackets … lifestyle modification (providing advice and encouragement to patients on how to change to healthier behaviours). or At the heart of primary care is the concept of preventative medicine, the belief that diseases or disability should be avoided rather than treated. You will often find new words in academic texts. Sometimes you will not be able to understand the text unless you look the word up in a dictionary, but often a technical term will be defined or explained immediately or later in the text. Look for these indicators: Understanding new words: using definitions Vocabulary bank which … primary prevention, which involves vaccination programmes. a ma or a dash (–) immediately after the word or phrase Early diagnosis, when conditions or diseases are identified at an early stage … Inoculation – vaccinating patients against disease … phrases such as that is, in other words … profiling: that is, identifying patients likely to develop specific conditions using data from patient records. In other words, using patient records to identify those most at risk. Special verbs called direction verbs are used in essay titles. Each direction verb indicates a type of essay. You must understand the meaning of these words so you can choose the correct writing plan. Understanding direction verbs in essay titles Vocabulary bank Kind of essay Direction verbs Descriptive State … Say … Outline … Describe … Summarize … What is/are …? Analytical。