城市生活垃圾三化处理项目可研报告(编辑修改稿)

城市生活垃圾三化处理项目可研报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

d the body and soon the affected person di ed. John Snow suspected that the second theory was corect but he needed evi dence. So when another outbreak hi t London in 1845, he was ready to begi n hi s enqui ry. As the di sease spread qui ckl y through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather i nform ati on. In two parti cul ar streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that m ore than 500 peopl e died i n ten days. H e was determi ned to fi nd out why. Fi rst he m arked on a m ap the exact pl aces where al the dead peopl e had li ved. This gave hi m a val uabl e cl ue about the cause of the di sease. Many of the deaths were near the water pum p i n Broad Street (especial y num bers 16, 37, 38 and 40) . H e also noti ced that som e houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cam bri dge Street) had had no deaths. H e had not foreseen thi s, so he m ade further i nvesti gati ons. H e di scovered that these peopl e worked i n the pub at 7 Cam bri dge Street. They had been gi ven free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pum p. It seem ed that the water was to bl am e. N ext, John Snow looked i nto the source of the water for these two strets. H e found that i t cam e from the ri ver pol l uted by the di rty water from London. H e imm ediately tol d the astoni shed people i n Broad Street to rem ove the handl e from the pum p so that i t coul d not be used. Soon afterwards the di sease sl owed down. H e had shown that chol era was spread by germs and not i n a cl oud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporti ng evi dence from two other deaths that were li nked to the Broad Street outbreak. A wom an, who had m oved away from Broad Stret, li ked the water from the pum p so m uch that she had i t deli vered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter di ed of chol era after dri nki ng the water. Wi th this extra evi dence John Snow was abl e to announce wi th certai nty that pol luted water carri ed the vi rus. To prevent thi s from happeni ng again, John Snow suggested that the source of al the water suppli es be exami ned. The water pani es were instructed not to expose peopl e to pol uted water any m ore. Final y “Ki ng Chol era” was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY TH EORY N icol aus Copernicus was fri ghtened and hi s m ind was confused. Al though he had tri ed to i gnore them , al l hi s m athem ati cal cal cul ati ons l ed to the sam e concl usi on: that the earth was not the centre of the sol ar system. O nl y i f you put the sun there di d the m ovem ents of the other pl as i n the sky m ake sense. Yet he coul d not tel l anyone about hi s theory as the powerful Chri sti an Church woul d have puni shed him for even suggesti ng such an i dea. They bel ieved God had m ade the worl d and for that reason the earth was speci al and m ust be the centre of the solar system . The probl em arose because astronom ers had noti ced that som e pl as i n the sky seem ed to stop, m ove backward and then go forward i n the loop. O thers appeared bri ghter at ti m es and l ess bri ght at others. Thi s was very strange i f the earth was the centre of the sol ar system and al pl as went round i t. Coperni cus had thought l ong and hard about these probl ems and tri ed to fi nd an answer. H e had col lected observati ons of the stars and used al l hi s m athem ati cal knowl edge to expl ai n them . But onl y hi s new theory coul d do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on i t, gradual l y im provi ng his theory until he fel t i t was pl ete. In 1514 he showed it pri vatel y to hi s fri ends. The changes he made to the old theory were revol uti onary. H e pl aced a fi xed sun at the centre of the sol ar system wi th the pl as goi ng round i t and onl y the m oon sti l goi ng round the earth. H e also suggested that the earth was spi nni ng as it went round the sun and this expl ai ned changes i n the m ovement of the pl as and i n the bri ghtness of the stars. Hi s friends were enthusiasti c and encouraged him to publ ish hi s i deas, but Coperni cus was cauti ous. H e di d not want to be attacked by the Christi an Church, so he onl y publi shed it as he l ay dyi ng i n 1543. Certai nl y he was ri ght to be careful. The Christi an Church rejected his theory, sayi ng i t was agai nst God’s i dea and peopl e who supported it woul d be attacked. Yet Coperni cus’ theory i s now the basi s on which al l our i deas of the uni verse are bui l t. Hi s theory repl aced the Chri sti an i dea of gravi ty, whi ch sai d thi ngs tel l to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed thi s was obvi ousl y wrong. N ow peopl e can see that there i s a di rect li nk between hi s theory and the work of Isaac N ewton, Al bert Ei nstei n and Stephen H awki ng. Uni t 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPH Y Peopl e m any wonder why di fferent words are used to descri be these four countri es: Engl and, Wal es, Scotl and and N orthern Irel and. You can cl ari fy this questi on i f you study Bri ti sh history. Fi rst there was Engl and. Wal es was li nked to i t i n the thi rteenth century. N ow when peopl e refer to Engl and you fi nd Wal es i ncl uded as wel . Next Engl and and Wal es were joi ned to Scotl and i n the seventeenth century and the nam e was changed to “Great Bri tain”. H appi l y thi s was apli shed wi thout confli ct when Ki ng James of Scotl and becam e Ki ng of England and Wal es as wel . Final y the Engli sh governm ent tri ed i n the earl y twenti eth century to form the Uni ted Ki ngdom by getti ng Irel and connected i n the sam e peaceful way. However, the southern part of Irel and was unwi l ing and broke away to form i ts own governm ent. So onl y Northern Irel and joi ned wi th England, Wal es and Scotl and to be e the Uni ted Kingdom and thi s was shown to the worl d i n a new flag cal ed the Uni on Jack. To thei r credi t the four countries。